青海湖地区线叶嵩草型中度与重度退化草地群落的比较研究

通过对青海湖地区线叶嵩草型中度与重度退化草地群落的比较研究,结果表明,在中度到重度退化进程中,随着退化程度的加重,草地植物群落的盖度、物种数、多样性及均匀度指数均下降,中度与重度退化样地地上植物类群及总植物量季节动态均呈现明显的“单峰”曲线,其峰值同时出现在8月下旬,在植物生长季,主要植物类群地上植物量季节动态具有明显的差异。地上总植物量季节积累动态均可用曲线y=ea bx(生长曲线)很好拟合。中度退化样地的净初级生产力高于重度退化样地,但由于在牧草返青期放牧使中度退化样地禾草类在草群中所占的比例小于重度退化样地。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild birds in the Poyang Lake region of China

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in poultry and wild birds, and it can cause significant economic loss worldwide. Eight viral strains were isolated by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs from the Poyang Lake region of China with swab samples. All eight of the NDV isolates were identified as class I genotype 3 strains, but they diverged notablely from class II viruses. Further analysis revealed that all eight NDV isolates were lentogenic strains containing the ¹¹²ERQER↓L¹¹⁷ motif at the F protein cleavage site. The strains were highly identical and were more species specific (chicken and waterfowl) than site specific (Nanchang and Duchang regions). The close phylogenetic proximity of these isolates indicates that viral transmission may happen between poultry and wild birds. Our study demonstrates that lentogenic class I NDVs exist in clinically healthy wild waterfowl and poultry within the Poyang Lake region. Active surveillance of these viruses to determine their evolution and origin is one of the most realistic strategies for preventing and controlling NDV outbreaks.     

种植方式对青海湖流域人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响

为探究多年生人工草地在青海湖流域的适应性和稳定性,本研究以青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis. Qinghai)和青海中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis. Qinghai)单播及混播人工草地为研究对象,分析不同种植方式下人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的变化。结果表明：青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地和青海草地早熟禾单播草地的生物量和盖度高于青海中华羊茅单播草地,且在生长旺期(8月),青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地生物量最高,为586.2 g·m^-2;青海草地早熟禾单播、青海中华羊茅单播和青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地间土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和土壤含水量在相同土壤深度下差异不显著,但土壤氮、磷及有机质间存在显著的相关性。综上所述,在青海湖流域建植青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播型人工草地可以获得较高的产量,但需在种植和管理过程中协调好土壤氮、磷间的关系。     

吉林架树台湖湿地公园退化湿地修复对策及建议

本文介绍了吉林架树台湖湿地公园的基本概况和湿地退化状况,并从湿地生态补水、渠系改造和修复、水域清淤、珍稀水鸟及栖息地生境保护与修复等方面提出了湿地修复的对策及建议。     

青海湖高寒沙区引进辽西樟子松治沙研究

通过引进东北辽西科尔沁沙地樟子松在青海湖斜麻沙区进行栽植试验,结果表明,引进的樟子松当年主顶芽平均生长高度达10.13 cm,侧顶芽生长高度平均达5.14 cm,平均顶芽生长达7.64 cm,苗木整体生长良好,当年成活率达到93%;经过长达6个多月寒冬,越冬成活率达80%,返青良好。     

Pansteatitis in polluted Olifants River impoundments: nutritional perspectives on fish in a eutrophic lake,Lake Loskop,South Africa

This study compares the aetiology of pansteatitis in Lake Loskop, relative to two other impoundments along the Olifants River. Macroscopic and microscopic pathology, age determination and analysis of stomach content, fatty acids and stable isotopes explain the high prevalence of pansteatitis in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and several other species in Lake Loskop. All the dietary indicator comparisons between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish fail to support a systemic cause. Pansteatitis in Lake Loskop was linked to size and weight of O. mossambicus, but not to ontogenic age. Fish in Lake Loskop showed abnormally high omega‐3 to omega‐6 fatty acid ratios normally only found in marine fish with no significant difference in degree of assimilation of these fatty acids between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish. This explains the vulnerability to, but not the occurrence of, pansteatitis. As a cause for the pansteatitis, these results point towards sporadic vitamin E‐depleting trigger events, known sporadic fish die‐off occurrences that provide surviving fish with a rich source of rancid fats on which to scavenge. The mechanism ties pansteatitis to eutrophication and trophic cascade effects, the intrinsic drivers of the disease and suggests an adaptive management strategy that might be applied by relevant conservation authorities.     

宝鸡金渭湖湿地小气候效应初探

以宝鸡市金渭湖湿地为研究对象,在金渭湖拦河闸桥附近进行气象及大气颗粒物观测,将拦河闸桥看作湿区,公路旁看作干区,对比分析湿地小气候特征的结果表明:宝鸡市金渭湖湿地具有明显的降温增湿作用,距离湿区越远,温度越高,相对湿度越低;冬季的相对湿度大于夏季,冬夏季的湿区温度始终低于干区,干湿两区的温度和相对湿度的日变化规律基本一致;湿区的PM2.5质量浓度小于干区,最多可小47%,表明金渭湖湿地对局地大气环境中的细颗粒物质量浓度具有显著削减作用。     

基于感知和行为视角的校园滨水景观偏好研究 ——以福建农林大学观音湖为例

基于人群感知和行为视角,以福建农林大学观音湖为研究对象,通过拍照试验、访谈问卷、扫描观察收集数据,采用词频分析、照片分析、GIS技术分析,分析景观元素、景观感知以及驻留点、观景点、景点、视线廊道的空间特征,以获得游览者对滨水景观偏好特征,采用核密度分析,得到游客景观点的热点分布。结果表明,词频分析预测出游客关注湖区丰富的景观元素,以静态观赏和行进式观赏方式游览观音湖,舒适的湖区环境让游客感到心情愉悦、平静;空间角度,游览者的驻留点分布与观景点分布具有显著的一致性,表明优美的空间环境和良好的观景位置有利于游客驻留行为的产生;游览者对滨水景观的偏好是由“丰富性—功能性—特色性”三大属性特征相互协调、影响而形成的三维耦合结构模型。     

千岛湖森林康养基地发展路径探析 ——基于千岛湖龙川湾的调查研究

国家相关管理部门联合提出按照“环境优良、服务优质、管理完善、特色鲜明、效益明显”的要求建设一批国家森林康养基地。以浙江千岛湖龙川湾为例,分析其森林资源、地理区位、产业链、发展规模、社会合作、管理保障、三大效益等方面建设森林康养基地的优势,整合提升游憩观赏、研学文化、垂钓休闲、扶犁耕地、康养保健、疗养康复、健身拓展区域空间布局与发展举措,从康养体验、休闲体验、运动健身等方面增强千岛湖龙川湾森林康养基地功能,推进森林康养产业发展。     

基于改进萤火虫算法的投影寻踪太湖水质综合评价

针对水质评价中指标的多样性及不相容性,提出了基于改进的萤火虫算法的投影寻踪水质评价方法。该方法根据水质标准等级样本集所划分的标准,构建投影指标函数,并用改进的萤火虫算法进行优化,使搜索步长逐步减小,寻优后期也可具有良好的局部搜索能力,得到最佳投影方向,使综合评价结果能够客观准确地反映出水质状况。运用该方法对太湖的水质数据进行综合评价,并与传统方法综合评分法(F值法)得到的结果进行对比,评价结果更符合当地水质状况实际情况,且对水质等级划分更为清晰。